The violation of blood pressure causes failures of the entire body. Although this disease cannot be completely cured, the course of the disease can become less notable and problematic for the patient.
Michen organs
Arterial hypertension is a chronic ailment that is associated with greater pressure within the vascular walls. In this case, it is very important to distinguish between rare situations when a person increases the pressure and real manifestation of this disease. A single time increase can happen for several reasons, and often does not repeat it soon. The cause can be the emotion of a person, malfunction or hormonal injuries.
By asking what arterial hypertension is, it is necessary to deal with the term "hypertension. "This is a temporary increase in blood pressure of more than 140/90. But hypertension in medicine is called condition in which a person has stably high indicators. They rarely fall below these numbers on their own.
The negative side of this disease is that not only the cardiovascular system suffers from chronically high pressure. In medicine, there is the thing like the objective organs. The essence of the problem is that blood pressure constantly has a negative effect on several organs: the heart, kidneys, brain and retina. The disease will negatively affect the entire body, but will suffer first. Even the principle of classification of the disease depends on which body a negative effect was exerted.
Stages of the disease
The disease has several forms that depend on which principle classify. They may depend on the origin, course and blood pressure level. The easiest way of arterial hypertension is easier, since patients can discover their pressure at home.
Like other ailments, the development of hypertension has several degrees that are only aggravated without the necessary treatment. There are rules that help determine the stage of the disease. You cannot draw conclusions after one or two measurements of a person's pressure, since this approach can give incorrect indicators. If a person before this took certain drugs or there was an emotional increase, and no more emotions were bad or good, the indicators can change. This will not allow you to see the real image of the patient's health.
It does not confuse high pressure, which is within the normal range, with the way in which arterial hypertension is manifested. The pressure of 120/80 is considered normal for the human body, but the pressure can also be classified as 129/84. The pressure is considered to increase to 139/89, but is not classified as a degree of hypertension. Hypertension is considered a pressure that exceeds 140/90.
Table 1. Degree of hypertension and pressure level
In addition to the definition of "hypertension" and the classification of the disease according to the degree of development, there is also a unit for primary and secondary hypertension. The primary develops as an independent pathology, and often no other problems in the human body were found in this case. If we are talking about secondary hypertension, then it becomes the result of existing diseases in the human body.
The first grade
It is considered a slight form of the disease, blood pressure indicators do not exceed 160/100, and attacks, mainly without serious consequences. The first grade arterial hypertension is characterized by spasmodic disorders that occur in the work of the heart. Exacerbation periods can hardly be called rare, but due to a small manifestation and a chronic course of the disease, the patient suffers quite easily. Alternate exacerbation with normal indicators, during this period, the patient does not feel the symptoms of the disease.
To properly evaluate the situation, it is necessary to make pressure measurements using a tonometer several times a day. In general, this is done three times a day in the absence of emotional explosions or other reasons that can affect a short -term change in blood pressure.
The first grade arterial hypertension has its own symptoms, which patients often cannot seriously perceive. The disease can manifest with headache, fast beats or pain on the left side in the sternum. Often, patients are confused by the fact that first -time hypertension is rarely characterized by symptoms.
But even a slight degree of hypertension can have their own complications, which are full of serious disorders in the human body. This:
- Brain microinfarcations;
- Muscle hypertrophy of the heart;
- Nephrosclerosis.
It is wrong to assume that the first grade arterial hypertension can pass without a trace if it is treated with medications. It can be argued that a patient suffering from first -degree hypertension has a risk of complications. Statistics indicate approximately 15% of this probability.
When the patient was diagnosed with first grade hypertension, the situation is as follows: high pressure can be activated by small spaces in the vessels, which leads to insufficient nutrition of body tissues. In the absence of a normal amount of nutrients and oxygen in cells, necrosis develops. Initially, this process is not remarkable, but over time, some organs in the patient's body, and not only certain cells can occur over time. The lack of treatment causes an ischemic stroke.
If the patient has high blood pressure, even first grade hypertension offers a very high risk of developing heart problems.
The change of indicators in the largest direction gives an additional load in the heart, which, trying to push the blood through the narrow spaces of the vessels, is overwhelmed. Everyone knows that with additional load, the muscles begin to grow, this also happens with cardiac tissues. It may seem that the hypertension of the first degree risk reduces risk, because the heart can pump blood more effectively, but this is not entirely true. Myocardiopathy can squeeze the vessels nearby, and even cause death.
The second grade
In the second degree of arterial hypertension, the patient will be at the level of up to 180/110 mm Hg. In this case, patients in patients are much larger than with the hypertension of the first grade, the risk of complication that occurs less frequently.
The second degree of hypertension is characterized by the fact that the pressure is extremely rarely to normal, it can decrease and increase, but not reach the permitted limits. Typically, first -degree hypertension has the risk of moving to the same second degree disease, so it is possible to determine the appearance of benign or malignant arterial hypertension. To clarify what type of arterial hypertension has, what entails and what risks help the development of pathology.
In patients, vascular deficiency, cluster in the head, hyperemia, problems with the visuality of vision and hypertensive crises are added to the already familiar symptoms. The problem of the latter is that the pressure can change drastically in 59 units, which negatively affects the patient's body. In the second degree of hypertension, they are possible complications:
- brain thrombosis;
- Aorta aneurysm;
- Atherosclerosis;
- angina pectoris;
- Encephalopathy
The peculiarity of this degree of hypertension development is that the defeat of the objective organs occurs. In patients with this diagnosis, hemorrhages are possible in one of the organs. This is due to the fact that, in a subsequent degree of arterial hypertension, blood vessels lose their previous elasticity and can be much easier to collapse. There are also serious risks of the formation of blood clots on the walls of the blood vessels, the light in which it is already reduced.
Due to serious problems that can occur in the second degree of arterial hypertension, the patient can receive disabilities. Most of the time they give 3 groups. But this does not mean that it is enough for the patient to measure their pressure several times and show that it exceeds the allowed standard.
The Commission takes into account the complications that arose in the context of this disease, collect information about hypertension, as well as about the patient's working conditions, only after that we can talk about receiving a cash benefit.
The paradox of the situation is that some patients try to obtain this help in the first symptoms, while others, on the contrary, hide their illness. Most of the time this is made by employees that can be fired due to the working conditions that will depend after this (more illness license, an increase in the annual license). But we must not forget that in the second degree of hypertension an additional load can have serious consequences that will quickly aggravate the disease.
It is worth noting a special case that is possible in the second degree of arterial hypertension. When it comes to malignant pathology, the commission can assign 2 disability groups. Men over 60, women over 55 years old, as well as patients who have irreversible defects found disability for life. This means that there will be no need to approve the commission annually to confirm the State.
The third grade
By pressure of a person, the degree of disease can be determined. When the indicators begin to reach extremely high rates: from 180/110 mm Hg, the patient is diagnosed with a third degree of severe hypertension. In this case, complications are very serious, most of them, with the premature provision of medical care, can cause death. It can be a stroke, cardiac asthma, myocardial infarction, renal failure and other diseases.
Evaluation of the seriousness of this degree, patients are assigned 1 disability group. Evaluation of the degree of risk of disease development, the patient must take rehabilitation without fail. There is no need to talk about the treatment of this degree, but this approach will help avoid premature death.
There is a fourth grade hypertension concept. In this case, it is quite difficult for a person to help, because they are practically on the verge of death. Medications help relieve symptoms and quickly reduce pressure level. Hypertonic crises are pronounced and very frequent.
The degree of risk
In general, as the patient is diagnosed, the degree of disease and risk is indicated. This indicator can affect age, gender, obesity, bad habits and other factors.
There are four degrees of risk. The most optimal hypertension of the first grade 1 risk is considered, the probability of developing lateral diseases is low, less than 15%. The first grade arterial hypertension (Risk 2) is one of the most popular diagnoses. This is due to the fact that few patients lead a lifestyle of this type that would not complicate the disease. When arterial hypertension of the first grade (risk 2) is diagnosed, the probability of complications varies from 15% to 20%.
The risk of 3 degrees is 20-30% probability of disease development. It's called high. There are also 4 degrees when the probability of developing pathologies exceeds 30%. All risk forecasts are calculated for the next 10 years in the absence of changes in the patient's lifestyle.
Depending on the injury of the patient's internal organs, doctors indicate the stages and the degree of hypertension due to the indicators. It is the stage of the disease that determines which organs were damaged.
The first stage of the disease, in fact, has no indicators, because there is only an increase in pressure and human organs are not damaged. With the hypertension of the first stage, the patient will have optimistic forecasts for the future.
In 2 stages of the disease, there are the first signs of narrowing of the vessels, plaques appear and increase creatinine in blood plasma. All changes that take place in internal organs generally have no serious changes, and with proper treatment, complications can be prevented.
Unlike the second stage, the third is characterized by specific diseases, and not just partial changes. This is pronounced arterial hypertension, which means that in patients, the risk of transferring myocardial infarction, stroke, the appearance of heart and renal failure and other characteristic diseases increases several times.
Characteristics of the disease
Arterial hypertension is common throughout the world, and is more common in highly developed countries. First, this is due to the fact that active life implies communication with a large number of people, and this implies different emotions, both bad and good, which leads to constant pressure increases.
For many, isn't it difficult to answer the question of what it is? The prevalence of the disease makes it possible to call this pathology a pest of the 21st century. There is such a thing as arterial hypertension syndrome, it is chronic vascular deficiency, the same hypertension. They are the violations in the work of the vessels that cause arterial hypertension syndrome.
Gestational arterial hypertension is extremely negative for a woman. The appearance of this pathology is associated with pregnancy, a woman during this period is contraindicated by taking most drugs.
At the same time, lack of treatment can have extremely negative consequences. Statistics show that gestational arterial hypertension is the cause of approximately one third of the cases of mother's fatal result during childbirth, and can also cause the death of the fetus or premature birth.
In addition to the fact that the patient must know the symptoms of hypertension and what it is, it is necessary to contact the hospital in time, because treating the disease is much easier in the first stage. It is necessary to consult with the treating doctor about the increase in dose or involve other medications. The car -medical can aggravate the disease.